New information technology (IT)
In the past
few decades there has been a revolution in computing and communications, and
every one indications are that technological progress and use of data
technology will continue at a rapid pace.
Accompanying and supporting the dramatic
increases within the power and use of latest information technologies has been
the declining cost of communications as a results of both technological improvements
and increased competition.
Today,
innovations in information technology are having wide-ranging effects across
numerous domains of society, and policy makers are working on issues involving
economic productivity, property rights, privacy protection, and affordability
of and access to information. Choices made now will have long lasting
consequences, and a spotlight must be paid to their social and economic
impacts.
The impacts
of data technology and electronic commerce on business
models, commerce, market structure, workplace, market
, education, private
life and society as an entire .
1. Business Models, Commerce and Market Structure
One
important way during which information technology affects work is by reducing
the importance of distance. In many industries, the geographic distribution of
labor is changing significantly.
as an
example , some software firms have found that they will overcome the tight
local marketplace for software engineers by sending projects to India or other
nations where the wages are much lower.
Furthermore,
such arrangements can cash in of the time differences in order that critical
projects are often worked on nearly round the clock. Firms can outsource their
manufacturing to other nations and believe telecommunications to stay
marketing, R&D, and distribution teams in close contact with the
manufacturing groups.
Thus the
technology can enable a finer division of labour among countries, which
successively affects the relative demand for various skills in each nation. The
technology enables various sorts of work and employment to be decoupled from
each other .
2. Workplace and market
Computers
and communication technologies allow individuals to speak with each other in
ways complementary to traditional face-to-face, telephonic, and written modes.
they allow collaborative work involving distributed communities of actors who
seldom, if ever, meet physically.
These
technologies utilize communication infrastructures that are both global and
always up, thus enabling 24-hour activity and asynchronous also as synchronous
interactions among individuals, groups, and organizations. Social interaction
in organizations are going to be suffering from use of computers and
communication technologies. Peer-to-peer relations across department lines are
going to be enhanced through sharing of data and coordination of activities.
Interaction between superiors and subordinates will become more tense due to
group action issues raised by the utilization of computerized monitoring
systems, but on the opposite hand, the utilization of e-mail will lower the
barriers to communications across different status levels, leading to more
uninhibited communications between supervisor and subordinates.
3. Education
Advances in
information technology will affect the craft of teaching by complementing
instead of eliminating traditional classroom instruction. Indeed the effective
instructor acts during a mixture of roles. In one role the trainer may be a
supplier of services to the scholars , who could be considered its customers.
But the
effective instructor occupies another role also , as a supervisor of scholars ,
and plays a task in motivating, encouraging, evaluating, and developing students.
For any topic there'll always be a little percentage of scholars with the
required background, motivation, and self-discipline to find out from
self-paced workbooks or computer assisted instruction. For the bulk of
scholars.
4. Private Life and Society
Increasing
representation of a good sort of content in digital form leads to easier and cheaper
duplication and distribution of data . This features a mixed effect on the
supply of content.
on the one
hand, content are often distributed at a lower cost . on the opposite hand,
distribution of content outside of channels that respect property rights can
reduce the incentives of creators and distributors to supply and make content
available within the first place. Information technology raises a number of
questions on property protection and new tools and regulations need to be
developed so as to unravel this problem.
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